The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of Bandwidth modeling on learning a simple timing task. Twenty eight right handed subjects (14 males, 14 females, aged 19-20) voluntarily participated in the study and were assigned randomly to two groups of Bandwidth and yoked. The task was pressing the keys number 2, 6, 8 and 4 on a sequential timing apparatus while keeping certain absolute timing. People in the Bandwidth group received the model whenever their performance went out from predetermined Bandwidth around the goal movement time (a 10 percent Bandwidth), while subjects in the other group were yoked with Bandwidth group. The experiment consisted of acquisition, retention and transfer phases and absolute timing error was used as dependent variable. The results of retention and transfer tests showed that Bandwidth group had less errors than yoked group. The findings of present experiment were in accordance with anticipations of Challenge Point Theory, and showed that Bandwidth modeling is an appropriate technique for adjusting learning condition with learner’s needs. Also advantages of Bandwidth method that in past just had been confirmed in KR presentation scheduling domain, nicely generalized to observational learning domain.

Background: The authors assessed the effect of Bandwidth modeling in learning relative timing and absolute timing. Method: Participants were 10 male high school students who volunteered to participate in the experiment (M age = 16 years, SD = 0. 942 years). None of the participants had prior experience with the task or was informed about the purpose of the experiment. They had to learn soccer chip shot under either a Bandwidth (model delivered when participant’ s performance was outside a predefined Bandwidth or rang) or yoked (same number of model provided as Bandwidth group) modeling procedure. Results: The results show that the Bandwidth group was more effective in learning relative timing than the yoked group. Conclusions: It indicated that benefits of feedback frequency reduction is generalizable to observational learning context. The authors propose that this method may be an appropriate method for relative timing learning.

Upscaling based on the Bandwidth of the kernel function is a flexible approach to upscale the data because the cells will be coarse-based on variability. The intensity of the coarsening of cells in this method can be controlled with Bandwidth. In a smooth variability region, a large number of cells will be merged, and vice versa, they will remain fine with severe variability. Bandwidth variation can be effective in upscaling results. Therefore, determining the optimal Bandwidth in this method is essential. For each Bandwidth, the upscaled model has a number of upscaled blocks and an upscaling error. Obviously, higher thresholds or Bandwidths cause a lower number of upscaled blocks and a higher sum of squares error (SSE). On the other hand, using the smallest Bandwidth, the upscaled model will remain in a fine scale, and there will be practically no upscaling. In this work, different approaches are used to determine the optimal Bandwidth or threshold for upscaling. Investigation of SSE changes, the intersection of two charts, namely SSE and the number of upscaled block charts, and the changes of SSE values versus Bandwidths, are among these approaches. In this particular case, if the goal of upscaling is to minimize the upscaling error, the intersection method will obtain a better result. Conversely, if the purpose of upscaling is computational cost reduction, the SSE variation approach will be more appropriate for the threshold setting.

This paper presents a Transimpedance Amplifier (TIA) for high sensitivity Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). The proposed TIA is based on the Regulated Cascode (RGC) structure with an extra transistor employed to implement additional feed-forward path and achieve higher gain values. The extra transistor senses a partially amplified input signal, available in the conventional circuit, and conveys an additional ac current into the load, which provides a higher gain. In addition, a Bandwidth extension method is introduced using a capacitor and resistor, which can improve amplifier’s Bandwidth by 40%. The proposed TIA is designed in 0.18µm CMOS technology and achieves a transimpedance gain of 101.9dB with a -3dB Bandwidth of 91.2 MHz considering 2pF of photodiode capacitance at the TIA input. The input referred noise is 4.4pA/√Hz while dissipating 151µW power.

In this paper two recently developed meta-heuristic optimization methods, known as Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO) and Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization (ECBO), are used for optimum nodal ordering to minimize Bandwidth of sparse matrices. The CBO is a simple optimization algorithm which is inspired by a collision between two objects in one-dimension. Each agent is modeled as a body with a specified velocity and mass. A collision happens between pairs of bodies and the new positions of the colliding bodies are updated based on the collision laws. The enhanced colliding bodies optimization (ECBO) utilizes memory to save some best so-far-solution to improve the performance of the CBO without increasing the computational cost. This algorithm utilizes a mechanism to escape from local optima. The Bandwidth of some graph matrices, which have equivalent pattern to structural matrices, is minimized using these approaches. Comparison of the obtained results with those of some existing methods shows the robustness of these two new meta-heuristic algorithms for Bandwidth optimization.

Background and Aim: In patients with complete denture, some clinicians have used modelling plastic impression compound (MPIC) along tissue conditioner (TC) materials simultaneously. Little information is available on the composition of these materials and the interaction between them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of two components of MPIC on the structure and chemical composition of TC.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, MPIC specimens were provided in 25×2 mm discs. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups and were immersed in ethanol 70%, plasticizer (dibutyl phthalate) and a mixture of them (ethanol 70% and dibutyl phthalate). All of the discs were weighed with a digital balance before and 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after immersion. Values were analyzed by non parametric Kruskal-Wallis (a= 0.05) and SPSS 16 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis.Results: Statistical analysis indicated significant differences among all groups (p>.05).Conclusion: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) had high impact on the solubility of MP, while the mixture of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and ethanol demonstrated the highest impact.

Background and Aim: There are different methods of oral health education for child population. Theater show is a method that has not received enough attention until now. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using theater show on dental health education in Yazd female elementary students.Materials and Methods: This was a quasi experimental study performed by using pre- and post-test method in Iran over the year 2004. One elementary school from each region of the city was selected. Twenty students from each grade of each school were included in the study (n=200). The information on knowledge, attitudes and practice of oral health were collected by using a valid and reliable questionnaire before and after theater show performance. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results: This study showed that the theater show could improve knowledge, attitude and proper oral health practice of children. The effect of the theater show on knowledge was more than attitude and was more on attitude than practice (P<0.001). Only literacy on the part of mothers was significantly correlated with practice (P=0.021). There were significant correlations between Knowledge (P=0.020), Attitude (P=0.0001) and oral health Practice (P=0.022) with students' grade level.Conclusion: This study showed that using theater show for oral health education, could improve the oral health related knowledge, attitude and proper oral health practice by elementary school students.

The  optical fiber stands for an exceptionally appealing correspondence medium since it offers an enormous data transmission and low lessening, also, can in this manner encourage requesting administrations like excellent visual communication as well alternatives in PC organizations. In this study, a good strategy simulation based on mathematical equations has been presented for a unique optical channel correspondence. Also, this paper shows the nonlinear analysis  phenomenon of fiber scattering, modulator as well recipient reaction periods, coding type of waveform. The light source spectral width have influence to the presentation of the fiber optics correspondence like link length, information rate, BER. Additionally, this paper show the force and rising period, spending plan is utilized to get a good guess of the communication length as well the piece rate utilizing optical framework test scheme.

In the estimation of a probability density function (PDF) by kernel method, two inherent problems are the choice of sampling methods and the selection of a Bandwidth. In this article, we use the balanced and unbalanced ranked set sampling (RSS) methods and Bayesian Bandwidth to estimate a PDF by kernel method. To compare our method with existing methods, we use an extensive simulation study to compare the RSS with simple random sampling (SRS) PDF estimator and also Bayesian Bandwidth with other existing Bandwidths. As an application, we use the household expenses and income data of the Statistical Center of Iran in 2021 to estimate the PDF of the total expenses of the households in Tehran province.